SUTTONBRANSHOLME & WAWNE Church & People - a celebration by Merrill Rhodes |
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The Large Residences
There were about 110 families in Sutton parish in 1764. The newly-enclosed land gave
Hull businessmen a chance to build themselves a country residence. Hull was
grimy and unhealthy. Sutton, though, sited on comparatively high ground,
provided fresh air, and numerous freehold and copyhold plots to buy and build
and re-build - and was not too far to travel. Thomas
Mowld, former sheriff and mayor of Hull, and a wealthy merchant, was already a
familiar name in Sutton, for he owned several properties (cf. Plan of Enclosure). By 1778 he had
built a house on his land in Lowgate, now occupied by Beech Lawn and The Elms. It was known as Wincolmlea
House. Wincomlea House After
Mr Mowld died c1779, Wincolmlea
was inhabited from time to time by John Graham-Clarke of Newcastle, whose
daughter Mary was married to Mr Barrett. They became the parents of the poet
Elizabeth Barrett-Browning.1
By
1791, Robert (1745-1821) and Elizabeth Bell (1761-1794) were the residents of Wincolmlea, Robert being established in
Hull as a spermaceti candle manufacturer, and a shipowner. His wife Elizabeth
bore five children, but died aged 33. Robert's grandson, George, writing in old
age about his grandfather, recalls, "It was his habit on going to Church
to delight the village boys with copper as he passed them. He was a thorough
Churchman, not High Church. If the sermon was too long he had a quiet but
effectual way of shortening it. He would open his watch and when it had
clicked, return it to his pocket and the sermon ended."2 (If this sounds to us
somewhat high-handed, everyone had their place in the echelons of society, and
we are later told that the vicar 'ate heartily' when invited to dinner!)
The
seat stall or pew which the Bell family rented was at the south-east of the
church. Sutton adopted an unusual custom of allotting church pews to each
messuage and farmhouse. At the beginning of the 19th century, when the Revd
George Thompson was curate, a curious case came to Chancery. The seat marked
number 5 was once allotted to William Munby and his family (Enclosure, allotment, 116). He had the
letters WM printed on a board, which he fixed to the pillar of the church where
his seat was. When he died, the pew passed to his son, Benjamin, who owned two
messuages, and made sure that the board read 'BM'. He "permitted his
servant John Drury to occupy the Small Seat, and he and his family sat in the
Pew in this Cause."3
When Benjamin Munby and his wife died, and Thomas Ross occupied the house in
High Street, he expected to sit in the seat allotted to his home (especially as
he was now churchwarden!), but this was now occupied by Thomas Barnby because
Ross sat elsewhere in the church in a pew belonging to another of his
properties! In his own defence, Ross stated that as his family was too large
and the seat small, he often asked Mrs Munby if his two daughters may sit in
her pew, "always apologising to the said Mrs Munby for the
intrusion." Thomas Barnby had also managed to have six children, and
although he too owned further properties, he allowed his tenants' families to
sit in the church pews allotted to those houses. Having bought a property of Mr
Munby's, he was entitled to sit in his pew. This case dragged on for some years, and unfortunately the outcome is not recorded.
Maybe the officials were confused . . .
The
thatched cottage in the grounds of Wincolmlea,
of late 17th/early 18th century, was probably inhabited by a worker on the
estate. It stands just behind the village stocks, situated on the footway
outside the grounds of the mansion. Cottage & Stocks 4 from a painting
of c1810 By
the time he died, Robert's eldest grandchild, Harriet, had succumbed to the
'Hooping Cough'. His daughter-in-law also, of delicate health, died at 23, her
monument in Sutton church, even today, expressing her husband's anguish.
Robert's memorial tablet tells of an upright, considerate, generous man -
"that noblest work of God."
His
second son, Thomas (1786-1851), succeeded to the business and Wincolmlea. Before he inherited, he was a
Captain of the Militia, who would drill his men in the parish church, as the
only building large enough for the purpose. In June 1815 he had trouble getting
leave to cross the Channel, and arrived on the field of Waterloo the day after
the Battle was fought.
Portrait of Thomas
Bell Like
his father, Thomas Bell was a hospitable man. When the Archbishop arrived
in October 1829 to consecrate additional burial ground, it was Mr Bell who
invited him to breakfast. Thomas married Mary Goodwin in that year, but again,
she died at the age of 32, leaving five children under eight years. Their son George (1833-1924), later
a vicar, recalls his boyhood in Sutton:5
"My earliest recollection is walking hand in hand with my father to see the village
festivities on the day Queen Victoria was crowned. I was then four years
of age. We went to school, as we became old enough, first to a small school in the village
kept by an old lady, and then, when we were old enough, away to a boarding
school.
"Our 'mansion house' was delightfully situated surrounded by gardens and fields ...
and occupied a large portion of the village. Our gardens and grounds were so
large that we always had exercise enough and occupation, as children, in them
without caring for walks outside. As it was only three miles from Hull, the
business was very accessible. No railway ran through it, as now.
What we called Gigs then were in great use. Every summer we were driven to
Hornsea in the phaeton for the day. Sutton was then well out of the smoke and
noise. My father used to drive to Hull and back every day to his business . . .
and sometimes we were taken on board my father's ship.6
Sutton church, as Thomas Bell would have known it;
"At Sutton there is a fine old Parish Church at which we were regular attenders, my
father taking us morning and afternoon. There was a 'three-decker' of course,
and the Clerk gave out the hymns with the preface, 'Let us sing to the honour
and glory of God.' The organ was worked by a handle and the singers stood round it.7 At that time
there were high pews. Our family pew was rather singular, situated at the
east end of the south aisle and facing the congregation on its right and left
in that aisle. It was curtained and cushioned.8 There was a book box on which we were
sometimes lifted when very young, to see and be seen.
"The services were old-fashioned, the chief ritual being the Vicar's walk from the
Vestry at the west end to the reading desk and pulpit twice each service, the
second time being the change of the surplice for the black gown. The last one I
knew was regarded as High Church after he took his M.A. at Oxford and walked to
Church in Gown and Hood. He prepared me for Confirmation. My brother and I went to his house
and I believe passed well in the Catechism. The Vicar's name was Eldridge. My
father never got over the Red Hood."
Drawing of Bell's land for sale in lots, c.1852 Some
of Thomas's letters to his children survive. They are lively and full of
anecdotes of Sutton and the villagers, of the gardens and vineries.9 He
expresses his dismay at Tommy North's death in 1847, and his delight at the
visit of young Lee Smith. He writes of his outrage that the Revd Walton married
three times - "What a lucky thing it will be to get rid of such a
miscreant! Poor dear old Sutton has been disgraced ... "
Tithe Award for Sutton, plan 1851, showing extent of Thomas Bell's land;
that of Revd Nicholas Walton; and others in the text : click the mapkey link below for list Thomas
Bell died suddenly in August 1851. He was laid to rest in his beloved church of
Sutton with his wife and parents, in the vestry. His sons were still
'under age' and following disputes over the will, the considerable property in
Sutton and Stoneferry was fragmented, and the family split up.
Monuments
and tablets of the Bell family can be found in the south-west corner of St
James' church, the site of the vestry at the time. Thomas
and George Bell would have known the Revd George John Davies, the last vicar to
be buried in a vault in the chancel, in 1839, alongside his wife and daughter,
who had died in 1826, aged 25.10
At that
time a fixed sum was charged for burial in the churchyard, with a higher charge
for a nave, and still higher for a chancel, interment.
Revd Davies' successor, he who had so horrified Thomas Bell by his 'numerous'
marriages, was Nicholas Walton. A landowner, he lived in Sutton, at some time
in Mona House,11 which probably
belonged to an uncle, Nicholas Walton, from 1801. Revd Nicholas' wife,
Margaret, died in November 1840, aged 30, and he married Sophia Green two years
later. They
had a daughter, Augusta. He became the subject of journalistic scorn in 1842 in
an article entitled 'Can These Things Be?'
"A
correspondent informs us that, a few days ago, he saw an interment take place
in the churchyard of Sutton, in the absence of the clergyman, and without the
usual burial service being read. The reverend gentleman who holds the
living, it is added, was, at the time, adjourning for the benefit of the sea
air, at Hornsea, and the relatives of the deceased being poor, could not
command his services - services, however, which the same reverend gentleman
deemed it his duty to ride from Hornsea to his own parish church to perform on the
previous day, on the interment of an individual who had been blest with a
tolerable share of the world's wealth. Can we wonder at the progress of dissent
and the waning influence of Mother Church, when the feelings of the poor are
thus trifled with and outraged?" 12
The High Church man, John Adams Eldridge, was the first of a new breed of churchmen
graduating from the universities. He brought formality to the services with his
processions from the vestry, and an emphasis on conducting procedures from the
east end. Formerly, the congregation stood up to 'face the music' at the west
end, but now the organ and choir were moving to help lead the services from the
front.13
Blashill notes that 'perfect decorum' reigned. As soon as the first lesson
began, the churchwardens 'gravely left the church' to search the public-houses
for stragglers - no doubt a survival of their historic duties.
The
Census of Places of Worship instigated by Lord Palmerston to monitor church
attendance in 1851, prompted the response from Eldridge, "The space
available for public worship is only sufficient for 75 families in consequence
of the very objectionable arrangements of pews." The congregation numbered
240 in the morning, and 230 that evening.
Baptisms
took place in private homes, as part of the family party, and marriage services
were short.
Churchwardens William Rodmell and John Cowl brought a successful case against John Harris for
non-payment of church rate in 1849.14 Revd Eldridge was keen on
education, too, and by 1851 was running a school in the property he rented
opposite the college.15
This was probably where the National School (Church of England) functioned for
its first ten years, being founded in 1849, and moving to High Street in
1859.
By
this time, Methodism was firmly established in Sutton. Three
meeting-houses had been registered by 1800. The first chapel was built in 1909
where the Reading Room now stands, and which incorporates some of the early
building, for the rounded windows can still be discerned inside. The number of
sittings in the chapel were about 158.16
This
Wesleyan chapel was re-built in 1859 at the top of Potterill Lane, and a school
for 140 children erected. Wesleyan chapel
early 1900s
The
Primitive Methodists opened a chapel in 1832 in Back Street (Chamberlain
Street) behind the house of builder George Cowle, to the west of Sutton Trod.
He rented his house to the leader of the Primitives, James Carrack (boot &
shoemaker), who ran a school c1851,17 possibly in connection with the
chapel.
Photo of 1870,
showing single-storey cottage, The
Primitives re-built their church on the site of Providence Cottages in 1855,
but sold to the Salvation Army in 1876.18 Builder Frederick Sewell inspired
villagers to re-build again in that year, the building now used as a Masonic
Hall.
Fred Sewell, Sutton builder Primitive Methodist Chapel, early 1900s, built 1876 Band of Hope, John Albert Hakeney, 1879 Meanwhile
in Meaux, a chapel was founded in 1823 next to the Poorhouse on the north-east
of Meaux Bridge. It was used by Independents and Methodists, and appears on the
1853 OS map as 'Bethel Chapel - Methodist New Connexion.' It
is likely that this chapel was demolished in 1860 when the Primitive Methodist
Chapel was opened in Wawne, in a farm lane. W G S Windham gave the land, and a
working committee quickly collected subscriptions enabling the building to go
ahead. The builder was George Calvert of Wawne. So many people gathered at the
opening on 2 July 1860 that the chapel was not large enough for half the
number, and the services and tea took place in Thomas Suddaby's barn at Glebe
Farm. The church cost £100, and seated 70 people. In its first year worshippers paid
9d rent per seat. Neighbours
of the Bell family, and equally important in Sutton, were the Liddells. George
William Moore Liddell (1772-1851), an eminent Hull banker, bought from Richard
Howard the property at the top of Ings Road, in 1804. At the enclosure, the
land had been awarded to George Petty. Sutton
House is a large and handsome mansion, the grounds of which were
more than 51 acres at the turn of the 20th century.
Sutton House c1905 (photograph by Wilson Labourn Smith) George
and his wife Dorothy (1781-1830) had six children, though one, George Moore,
died in infancy. The three remaining sons, George William Moore, William and
Charles, were all to become bankers like their father.
George
senior was in partnership with the eminent banker Joseph Pease, their bank,
Pease & Liddell, being situated on the corner of Parliament Street in Whitefriargate.19 They also
administered a Beverley associate, Machell Pease & Liddell. Joseph Robinson
Pease (1789-1866) retained letters from his correspondence, including those
from George Liddell dating from 1811 to 1851, which provide us with interesting
aspects of their business and personalities.20 7 .4. 1818 - on the occasion of Pease's marriage:
Believe me, my dear Sir, it is with infinite pleasure I congratulate you and your beloved
partner, on your happy union this day. That you may enjoy every Blessing and
comfort this world can give through a long and happy life, is the ardent and
sincere wish of . . . my Dear Sir, your ever devoted friend - 2 . 5. 1833 - George's
wife, Dorothy, died in June 1830, and his daughter, Mary, aged 33, in 1838: It has pleased the
Almighty to take my dearly beloved Daughter from me this morning leaving us
under the greatest affliction, we must however rest our hope upon that gracious
Jesus who supported my afflicted Child in her last moments.
Monumental inscriptions are full of early deaths, many from no apparent cause. In Sutton
as in many places, those who survived bore the marks of some disease or other.
In 1833, the small pox afflicted the Liddell family:
I have had rather
a sick house for some time past - about six weeks ago my son William took the
Small Pox (although children were vaccinated for Cow Pox when infants). I
immediately had all the others vaccinated for Cow Pox, which was most
fortunate, for if I had not, I have no doubt but George would have had them as
bad as his brother, but he only had two or three days' fever, & had not
more than about fifty Pocks upon his face, and got into the Bank again after about
fifteen days. William poor lad is yet a prisoner; he is quite well in Health
but sadly disfigured on his face.
George
himself had a lucky escape in 1814. It was his custom to return from his bank
in the city along Sutton Trod. On 24 February, about 7 o'- clock, an Irishman,
James Forbes by name, lay in wait for him at a place on the footpath, between
tillage fields, just beyond the railway crossing on Chamberlain Road. Forbes
was hoping his intended victim would be laden with money from his business.
However, instead of Mr Liddell, the unfortunate walker turned out to be John Taylor, a
farmer of 62 years, from Soffham Farm (Broadley's tenant). Forbes sprang out of
the hedge and fired a pistol into his side. Although a well-built man, John
Taylor was overcome, and had seized from him thirty pounds in notes and gold,
but not before he had heard his assailant exclaim that he had mistaken him for
Mr Liddell.
Mr
Taylor managed to struggle to his son's house in Sutton, and a day or two
later, identified James Forbes, brought to his bedside, as his attacker. Sadly,
John Taylor died after lingering a week, and when the case was brought to court
at York a month later, Forbes was acquitted, there being no witness to identify
him. The footpads were notorious in those days for businessmen and farmers who
might be carrying money. In this case, what was a fatal attack for John Taylor,
was a lucky escape for the banker, George Liddell.21 George
Liddell was passionately interested in the new railways, and was a director of
the Hull and Selby line. He helped raise £20,000 for the railways in 1833. After
he died in 1851, the same year as Thomas Bell, the estate passed to his son,
also George William Moor. He had married Georgiana and they had five children.
The eldest boy, another George William Moor, died after a few days. Three
daughters followed and a son, George William, born 1867. The latter was only
six when his father died in 1873, but the family lived on in Sutton House under
the eye of Georgiana. Just
as he reached the age of maturity, George William died. His mother died shortly
afterwards, and the three daughters left Sutton. By 1890 the house was
empty and the estate up for sale in Lots. Although the Liddell family vanished
from Sutton, the name lives on in the gifts they bestowed on Sutton church: the
west and east windows; three bells; the lectern - and the wall tablets. Sutton
Street and Wawne Street off Spring Bank, laid out in 1867 on George Liddell's
land, are so named because of his property in Sutton and Wawne.
Part of Notice of Sale Sutton House 1890 Another
influential businessman to build his mansion in Sutton was Thomas Priestman, a
Quaker who attended the Friends' Meeting House in Lowgate, Hull. Together with
Edward Rheam, he bought East Mount
from the Pool family, and Priestman, newly widowed, built a new house there
c1813.22 He
was in business as a merchant and currier.23
It
was still wet in the area, for Isabel Richardson, who kept house for her cousin
Thomas would walk to his house in patens "to keep her feet out of the
water, so abundant in this locality." Thomas married Esther Tuke in 1817.
Having no children, the house was inherited in 1844 by Priestman's nephew,
Samuel (1800-1872). He had two children by a first marriage, but after Rachel
died, he married Mary Ann Dent, and they had ten children.
The
children were taught by governesses who, before the Hornsea line opened, walked
from Hull. They would attend the Meeting House on Sundays, some walking, some
going in the carriage. Sunday
afternoons might be spent rambling along the Drain side with the dogs. On
holidays, like the Bells, the family would travel in a phaeton in the 1840s. A
distance of 35 miles to relatives in Settrington would mean crossing Wawne
ferry, changing horses at Bainton, and staying overnight before returning.
Again, the event of the year was the trip to Hornsea, so fondly remembered by
George Bell.
Samuel
Priestman, too, was involved with the new railways, and was a director of the
Hull & Holderness Company. When it merged with the NE Railway,
Samuel joined the Board. When he died in 1872, his obituary read, "an
eminently representative man . . . with great business ability and
kindness of heart." The mourning carriages for his family were followed to
the cemetery by about forty conveyances ranging from a brougham to a farmer's
cart.24 Mary
Ann, a kind and dignified lady, lived on at East
Mount (later Princess Royal Hospital) until she died in 1899.
Several
other houses, with extensive grounds, had also been built in Sutton by the
early part of the 19th century: Bellefield House Bellefield House :
The site off the Sutton to Bilton
Road, once part of Pool's estate, was bought in 1814 by John Hipsley, junior, a
draper of Hull, and he built the house. Around 1839/40 our friend the Revd
Nicholas Walton occupied the dwelling, and he was followed by Hull merchant,
Thomas Horncastle. Benjamin Pickering owned the house by 1871. He had it
'enlarged and beautified' in the late 19th century. At this time, a tower, conservatory,
billiard room and music room complete with 'magnificent organ' were added. Mr
Pickering, JP, lived to be the oldest inhabitant of Sutton when he met Her
Royal Highness Princess Mary on the occasion of the laying of the foundation
stone of the Sutton annexe of the Infirmary. Bellefield
was demolished around 1965.
Benjamin Pickering, JP Tom Hodgson, coachman to B Pickering of Bellefield; horse-drawn Canoe Landau c1898 Sutton annexe, or Princess Royal Hospital
Tilworth
Grange : the site25
was bought by Henry Casson, who built the house which passed to Nicholas Sykes
and then Benjamin Ross. By 1831 Richard Harrison, a Hull merchant, occupied the
house, and that year it was valued with a view to sale by a Mr Witty, who
reported: "I have visited Tilworth
Grange and found the house and other buildings in a bad state of repair ... the
land likewise is in an exhausted, slovenly state, and the fences out of repair."26
Edward Spence bought the residence for £1,700 in 1832. He was a 44-year-old
widower, and Hull iron merchant. According to the 1841 census, he then had four
servants. His daughter, Ellen, left the interest of £1,000 to be distributed by
the incumbent, "as he may think fit", in 1880.
Herbert
Whittle was the next occupier, followed by Allen Jackson, solicitor; and then
Joseph Winkley, Hull merchant, became resident, remaining until c1905.
The original Tilworth Grange, 1904 By
1910, it was occupied by John Wilson. The house was demolished that year,
and the present house built on the site by the Powell family, co-founders of
Messrs Hammond's Ltd.
In 1921, Tilworth Grange was
purchased for £6,500 by Hull Corporation, and became the first hospital for the
care of the mentally handicapped in the city, opening on 6 July, 1921.
Recently, in line with government policy, the learning disabled residents have
moved elsewhere into private homes, and the old mansion house and grounds, so
well tended by Alan Bolton for many years, are up for sale.
Sutton Grange : built by 1816 by the owner, George
Alder, Hull merchant. The family held it until 1857, but Joseph Rylands, Hull
flax and cotton mill manager, lived there in the 1840s. By 1863 John Raspin
Ringrose, Hull ship owner, occupied the house, and kept six servants, according
to the 1871 census.
The Notice of Sale in 1890 of Sutton House,
other properties and land of George Liddell, shows that Sutton Grange was one of his properties.
The estate was sold for £4,100, about £117 per acre, the land comprising 35
acres. It is possible that Mr Ringrose bought the residence, as he remained
living there. After he died in 1905, at the age of 82, his widow, Amelia,
remained in residence for some years. Sutton Grange, c1905
By
1915 Thomas Margison owned the house. After his death, in 1920, new choir
stalls and a reading desk were installed in the church in his memory.
That year, Alexander Alec Smith moved into Sutton
Grange, and his daughter, Diana, was born there in 1920. When the
family moved to Waghen Lodge in
1923, Sutton Grange was occupied by George Dawson.
In 1951 the house was acquired by Hull Corporation, converted into a home for
elderly men and renamed Dunbar House.
Corporation houses were built on the land. After the Home closed, the house was
boarded up for some years, but it retains some of the original features such as
the staircase, and is 'listed'. Recently, vetinery surgeon, Mr
Arthur Loddo, moved his practice from the village to Sutton Grange.
Sutton Hall : 27 the site was bought in 1804 by Henry
Bedford, a Hull banker, who built the house, and it passed to Thomas Holderness,
Hull merchant, in 1836. He died in 1857, having survived all three of his
children; the family vault lies in the churchyard.
By 1871 Carl Brackman, Hull corn merchant, occupied Sutton Hall, and he altered and extended the white brick
villa. Frontage of Sutton Hall early 1900s (the rear faces Wawne Road) It
was sold to David Haughton in 1887, together with some 18 acres of land
fronting the Sutton and Stoneferry Road (Leads Road). Typical of these houses, it was
described as having a dining-room; drawing-room; library; morning-room; study; billiard room; numerous bed and dressing rooms;
bathroom; butler's pantry; two large kitchens 'with a range of convenient
domestic offices adjoining, and capital cellars in the basement.' Also within
the terms of sale were the fine block of stabling fronting Wawne Road,
comprising four stalls and three boxes, large carriage-house, harness-room, hay
and corn chambers; piggery; and a poultry-yard.
The grounds contained shrubs and ornamental timber; two productive kitchen gardens
with an abundance of fruit trees; a vinery; greenhouse; melon and cucumber
houses and forcing pits; and a paddock of more than seven acres.
By 1906 Colonel Fawcett Pudsey, JP, owned Sutton
Hall. His wife and daughters lived on in the mansion after he died in 1915, Miss Pudsey
remaining until about 1940. Around this time, the residence became known as Netherhall. Mr Chris Marris occupied
it until c1948, and kept several horses in the stables. The Cummings family
then bought Netherhall,28 and in June 1955 let
part of the land, rent free, to Sutton Cricket Club, in memory of their son who
had died prematurely. The gift was intended to extend for a period of 25 years,
but Mr Cummings, having moved to Harrogate, died two years later; and the
cricketers raised the money to rent the land from Hull City Council, who had
bought Netherhall.
The house was converted into a home for the elderly. Another similar house, Highfield, was also built on the site,
opening in 1964. In recent years, Netherhall
was deemed unsuitable for a residential home, and is now used as offices and
for storage.
By
the end of the 19th century, Sutton was a thriving community, with splendid
houses and many well-to-do people. Schools and the railway were up and
running. The landscape between Sutton and Wawne had also changed considerably
during the century, as we shall see.
. . . next
1 Blashill, p.276
2 Sir Anthony Richard Wagner: Papers of a Middling Family (Hull Local Studies Library)
3 Borthwick Institute, York
4 Hull Times, 13.6.1914
5 op. cit.
6 The Harmony. It was a whaling ship, a painting of which is displayed in Hull's Whaling Museum. Until about three years ago, the jawbones of a whale formed an archway across the driveway of The Elms, a reminder of Thomas Bell and Hull's whaling history.
7 The singing gallery was set back under the tower in 1824, and the organ provided in 1831.
8 Blashill writes, 'All the best pews were square, having seats on all sides with a flap-seat that fell across the
doorway .... Two or three of the best pews were surrounded by brass rods and green curtains, so as to entirely hide the occupants from the pulpit and galleries.
9 These were against the wall which forms the boundary of the public footway south of the old Primitive Chapel (see plan).
10 Poulson, p.338
11 Mona House; a fine residence built soon after Enclosure. In 1900 Captain Robert Bennington, master mariner, owned the property. In 1922 Dr Archibald Gillespie, GP, bought it from Mrs Bennington, and held his surgery there until he died suddenly in 1936.
12 Hull Advertiser, 15.7.1842
13 The Forster & Andrews organ was installed in the chancel in 1859
14 Borthwick Institute
15 Tithe Map, apportionment 125
16 'Census of Places of Worship, 1851
17 Tithe Map, apportionment 134
18 Dennis Heald: A History of Methodism in Sutton-on-Hull
19 Anderson's Map of 1813
20 Hull City Archives
21 Hull Packet Feb.-April 1814
22 S Doncaster & J Priestman: The Priestmans of Thornton-le-Dale
23 A currier would curry, dress and colour leather after the tanning process.
24 S Doncaster & J Priestman: op. cit.
25 The site now almost opposite East Carr Lane.
26 Thanks to Mr Barker of Welton for this notice.
27 Now Netherhall, Wawne Road
28 Dr Cummings was Dr John Redfern's grandfather |
